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Kaiser, R.B., Lindberg, J.T., & Craig, S.B. (2007). Assessing the flexibility of managers: A comparison of methods. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 15, 40-55.

Despite keen interest, questions remain about defining and measuring the behavioral flexibility of managers. This paper reports a conceptual and empirical comparison of three alternative methods of assessing this construct. Results suggest that the way managerial flexibility is typically assessed in practice—as a trait-like characteristic with coworker ratings that describe a general tendency to vary behavior across situations—is deficient. However, more complex models that represent flexibility as a higher-order construct reflecting mastery of specific and opposing behaviors in both the social/interpersonal domain and the functional/organizational domain show promise. They demonstrate construct validity evidence, predict as much as 42% of the variance in overall effectiveness, and provide more specific diagnostic information to guide behavior change.

Article in copyrighted peer-review journal: Reprints available by request.


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Consulting to CEOs
& Executive Teams
since 1992.
Kaplan DeVries Inc
1903-G Ashwood Ct
Greensboro, NC 27455 USA


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